Yu. O. Kovalenko, O. S. Potrokhov, O. G. Zinkovskyi

Institute of Hidrobiology of NAS of Ukraine

PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE REACTION OF THE BITTER FUNGUS USUAL FAR CHRONIC EXPOSURE TO POTASSIUM DICHROMATE

The presented work presents the results of model experiments that are devoted to the study of the characteristics of toxic resistance, changes in the level of cortisol, thyroxine, glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase in bitter, under the action of the reference toxicant potassium dichromate. In the study, concentrations: 2.5; 5, 10 and 20 mg/dm3. It was found that with lethal concentrations pisces are killed in several stages: first from toxic shock (for the first day at a concentration of 10 and 20 mg/dm3), and then from accumulation of the toxicant by organs and tissues of pisces (on the 9th and 11th days). A decrease in glucose levels (at concentrations of 2.5, 5 and 10 mg/dm3) was also established for 10, 7 and 3%, which is associated with its intensive use as an easily accessible energy connection. However, at a maximum concentration of toxicant (20 mg / dm3) there was an increase in the control of the level of glucose by 18%. Also at concentrations of 2.5; 5, 10 and 20 mg/dm3 increased the level of cortisol in 1.4; 1.79; 2.0 and 1.8 times. At the same time, the content of thyroxine in all experimental groups was insignificant decrease: at average concentrations by 3%, and at greater than 20 mg/dm3 by 6% with respect to control. The highest activity of energy metabolism enzymes was observed in the gills, the liver, and then in the muscles. The results of the studies showed that the effect of potassium dichromate (at a concentration of 5, 10 and 20 mg/dm3), in contrast, alkaline phosphatase activity was characterized by a decreased activity in organs and tissues, indicating inhibition of phosphorylation processes, although in the sublethal concentration of potassium dichromate (2,5 mg/dm3) found an increase in its activity by 18% to control. So, the smallest percentage of survivors was recorded at the highest concentration in comparison with individuals from other research groups, but in these pisces the majority of the physiological-biochemical state parameters were close to the control values, the exception was luzal phosphotase, the activity of which (in this group) was the lowest, which may indicate a possible positive adaptive potential of this species of pisces. The obtained results testify to the possibility of the existence of this species in water bodies that are subject to anthropogenic pollution, in particular heavy metals, and a change in these indices indicates various ways of counteracting the toxic effect of toxicants

Keywords: gorchak, potassium dichromate, death, cortisol, glucose, thyroxine, lactate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, lunar phosphatase, adaptive reaction