М. А. Крыжановская, Е. О. Бигуняк

Тернопольский национальный педагогический университет имени Владимира Гнатюка, ДВНЗ «Тернопольский государственный медицинский университет имени И. Я. Горбачевского МОЗ Украины»

ЗАМЕНА ИЗЮМА ВОДНОЙ ВЫТЯЖКОЙ СУШЕНЫХ ЯБЛОК В ПИТАТЕЛЬНОЙ СРЕДЕ DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN

В статье представлены результаты изучения возможности замены изюма водной вытяжкой сушеных яблок в питательной среде для разведения Drosophila melanogaster в лабораторных условиях. Установлено, что новоразработанный рецепт питательной среды проявляет положительное влияние на развитие дрозофилы, а именно: способствует повышению ее численности у линии Normal на 16,7% (Р < 0,999), линии vestigial на 26,3% (Р < 0,95). Подтверждена возможность применения его в генетическом анализе при изучении аутосомного наследования прямого (χ2 = 0,88) и обратного (χ2= 3,42) реципрокных скрещиваний с достоверной вероятностью, соответственно: Р > 0,2 и Р > 0,05.

Ключевые слова: Drosophila melanogaster, разведение дрозофилы, питательная среда

M. A. Kryzhanovska, K. О. Bihunyak

Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical Universitу, Ukraine, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil State Medical University, Ukraine

SUBSTITUTING RAISINS WITH DRIED FRUIT EXTRACT IN NUTRIENT MEDIUM FOR DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER MEIGEN

Drosophila melanogaster is central in genetic research, it has been and remains the model object in experimental biology. Prerequisite for breeding Dr. melanogaster in laboratory conditions is a nutrient medium, the main components of which are sugar and yeast. Sugar is added into the medium in the form of sucrose, raisins, molasses or wort. Given that today the purchase of raisins is expensive, and Dr. melanogaster are widely used not only in research laboratories but also during laboratory and practical classes in genetics at universities and biology-oriented schools, it is necessary to identify more affordable and cost-effective substitutes for raisins. One of these are dried apples, as apple-trees are widely spread in Ukraine. Due to the fact that dried apples are easy to obtain and preserve, they can be used for the nutrient medium preparation all year round. In order to confirm the positive impact of dried fruit water extraction upon Drosophila development a research was conducted in 2016 at the Department of Botany and Zoology of Volodymyr Hnatiuk Ternopil National Pedagogical Universitу with the aim to establish the number of Drosophila melanogaster offspring involving lines Normal (N) and vestigial (vg). Each tube housed 3 females and 4 males from respective lines. The parents were removed with the appearance of the first pupae on the tube walls. Descendants were counted on the 14th day of the experiment. Analysis of the number of Normal and the number of vestigial lines has demonstrated that the average number of flies obtained in the medium with the addition of dried aqueous extract exceeded the average number of flies reared on control medium, namely line wild type Normal (N) 16.7% (P < 0.999), the line vestigial (vg) to 26.3% (P <0.95) and more. To conduct genetic studies using experimental environment parental individuals were involved, which different form of wings. 3 females and 4 males were placed into the prepared tubes with experimental nutrient medium, according to direct reciprocal mating (♀ N × ♂ vg). Having analysed the first generation hybrids (F1) direct crossing, we found that all 187 offsprings were uniform with normal-length wings. It should be noted that the number of females and males was approximately equal (103 and 84). Calculation of hybrid second generation flies (F2) showed that among 216 offsprings there were detected flies with normal wings (168) and reduced ones (48), and the female to male ratio was 109 to 107. It was established that the deviation of the obtained data (χ2 = 0.88) from the theoretically calculated ones was random and insignificant (P> 0.2), therefore the research results are credible and meet the second law of Mendel. Analysis of the hybrid offspring from inverse mating (♀ vg × ♂ N) was performed in the same way. Having analysed the first generation hybrids (F1) reverse crossing, we found out that all 122 offsprings had normal length wings. The proportion of females counted (63) and male (59) roughly corresponds to the ratio of 1:1. The analysis of second generation hybrids (F2) confirmed the expected result, among 206 offsprings received there were flies with normal wings (166) and with reduced wings (40). Based upon the calculated value of χ2 = 3.42 it was found out that deviation of the data obtained experimentally from the theoretically calculated ones are insignificant and the test results are reliable (P> 0.05).

Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, breeding of Drosophila, the nutrient medium