М. М. Дайнеко, С. Ф. Тимофєєв
УО «Гомельський державний університет імені Ф. Скорини»
ПОРІВНЯЛЬНИЙ АНАЛІЗ НАКОПИЧЕННЯ ВАЖКИХ МЕТАЛІВ ПРИБЕРЕЖНО–ВОДНОЮ РОСЛИННІСТЮ ОБ'ЄКТІВ М. ГОМЕЛЯ ТА ОКОЛИЦЬ М. МОЗИРЯ ГОМЕЛЬСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ, РЕСПУБЛІКА БІЛОРУСЬ
Порівняльний аналіз накопичення важких металів рослинними зразками показав, що в обох об'єктах вони накопичували свинець нижче фонового вмісту, а вміст кадмію і кобальту, навпаки, був вище. За накопиченням нікелю, хрому, заліза, марганцю рослинні зразки другого об'єкту виявилися більш забрудненими, ніж в першому. Накопичення цинку в першому об'єкті було вище, ніж в другому, а за накопиченням міді об'єкти між собою практично не відрізнялися.
Ключові слова: прибережно-водна рослинність, важкі метали, вода, ґрунт, рослинні зразки
N. M. Dajneka, S. F. Tsimafeyeu
Francisk Skorina Gomel State University, Belarus
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE HEAVY METALS ACCUMULATION BY RIVERSIDE AND WATER VEGETATION IN THE CITY OF GOMEL AND THE SUBURBS OF MOZYR TOWN, GOMEL REGION, REPUBLIC OF BELARUS
With current anthropogenic impact, the assessment of heavy metals content in vegetation and their concentration in water bodies are important not only to determine the level of pollution, but also to maintain environmental safety in the region. Samples of riverside and aquatic vegetation collected over summertime of 2014 and 2015 in ponds on the northern borderline of the city of Gomel (site № 1) and around a large industrial center of the town of Mozyr (site № 2) served as material for this study. The coastal-aquatic ecosystem is referred to the association Phragmitetum australis (Gams 1927) Schmale 1939 union Phragmition Koch 1926, order Phragmitetalia Koch 1926, class Phragmito-Magnocaricetea Klika in Klika et Novak 1941. Plants of frogbit accumulated the highest levels of iron, manganese and copper, great manna grass – chromium, water dropwort – manganese and zinc, three-lobe beggarticks – cadmium and nickel, spikerushes – nickel, lesser bulrush – chromium. The research showed that all plant samples accumulated lead below the background level in both sites. Content of cadmium exceeded the background level in both sites. The content of nickel differed in the sites studied, exceeding the background level in 90% of plant samples in the second site comprising 20 % in the first one. The content of chromium in plant samples does not exceed the background level in the first site, whereas 50 % of the samples contained chromium above the background level in the second plot. The content of nickel and chromium in plant samples from the site around the town of Mozyr was higher than in Gomel city. The total number of heavy metals in seven out of ten plant species was higher in the second site as compared to the first plot. Frogbit had the highest content of heavy metals in both sites, while water dropwort and spikerushes values were higher in the second plot. Great manna grass, creeping bentgrass, cyperus sedge and the acute sedge had the lowest content of heavy metals in the first site while common reed, great manna grass, lesser bulrush and cyperus sedge in the second site. Great manna grass and cyperus sedge were identified as the plant species with the lowest content of heavy metals in both sites under analysis. Thus, comparative analysis of heavy metals accumulation by plant samples revealed that lead content was below background concentration, while cadmium and cobalt were above background concentration in both sites. Plant samples in the second site contained nickel, chromium, iron and manganese in higher concentration as compared to the first site. On the contrary, plant samples in the first site had higher zinc content. Both sites were similar as far as copper content was concerned.
Keywords: riverside and water vegetation, heavy metals, water, soil, plant samples