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ЕКОЛОГО-ЦЕНОТИЧНА ПРИУРОЧЕНІСТЬ PRIMULA VERIS L. У СНОВСЬКО-СЕМЕНІВСЬКОМУ ГЕОБОТАНІЧНОМУ РАЙОНІ ТА ЇЇ РОЗМНОЖЕННЯ EX SITU

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П. А. Бузунко

Черниговский национальний педагогический университет имени Тараса Шевченка, Украина

ЕКОЛОГО-ЦЕНОТИЧЕСКАЯ ПРИУРОЧЕННОСТЬ PRIMULA VERIS L. В СНОВСКО-СЕМЕНОВСКОМ ГЕОБОТАНИЧЕСКОМ РАЙОНЕ И ЕЕ РАЗМНОЖЕНИЕ EX SITU

В условиях Сновско-Семеновского геоботанического района все местонахождения популяций P. veris отнесены к ассоциации Ulmenion minoris Oberd. 1953 (клас Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieg. 1937; порядок Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawl. 1928; союз Alno-Ulmion Br.-Bl. Et R. Tx. 1943). На исследуемой территории большинство местонахождений подвергаются значительному антропогенному влиянию – вырубкам. Установлены особенности введения P. veris в культуру в условиях выращивания в дерново-подзолистых почвах, в частности: повышению биопродуктивности способствует частичное затенение (до ¼ длины светового дня). Вегетативное размножение в условиях соснового леса (союза Dicrano-Pinion Libb. 1933) происходит, хотя и медленнее, чем в обычных для вида условиях.

Ключевые слова: Primula veris, Восточное Полесье, популяция, распространение, ex situ

 

P. A. Buzunko

Chernihiv Taras Shevchenko National Pedagogical University, Ukraine

ECOLOGICAL AND COENOTIC AFFINITY OF PRIMULA VERIS L. IN SNOVSKO-SEMENIVSKYI GEOBOTANICAL DISTRICT AND ITS CLONING EX SITU

P. veris is a species native throughout most of temperate Europe, found mainly in woodlands and grassy places. Higher productivity is inherent to populations growing on gray well-drained loamy forest soils. Distribution of P. veris in Chernihivske and Novhorod-Siverske Polissia has been studied insufficiently. Here soils have been replaced by sod-podzolic ones and deciduous and mixed forests have been replaced by pine ones, which led to a decrease in the share of the species in the ecosystems of the given area. Another key factor affecting the number of species is the anthropogenic landscape transformation. Therefore, P. veris tends to be a sozologically valuable species in the region under analysis. During the research period (2014-2016) 5 localities of P. veris were identified. Under conditions of Snovsko-Semenivskiy geobotanical district all found locations of P. veris assign to the association Ulmenion minoris Oberd. 1953 (class Querco-Fagetea Br.-Bl. et Vlieg. 1937; order Fagetalia sylvaticae Pawl. 1928; union Alno-Ulmion Br.-Bl. Et R. Tx. 1943). On the given territory most localities are under a considerable anthropogenic influence of deforestation. The data obtained show that P. veris grows on forest edges, meadows, along the roads or in forests highlights. Crown canopy is 0.4-0.6%. In the trees layer Q. robur, P. sylvestris, B. pendula predominate, P. abies, P. tremula, A. platanoides are also found. Closure of shrub layer is 0.1-0.4%. Among the species, F. alnus, C. avellana, S. caprea, R. idaeus, S. aucuparia (occasionally) have been distinguished. In the grass layer (projective coverage – 35-50%) M. caerulea, P. aquilinum, C. pilosa, C. majalis co-dominate. Among the species with 2-5% coverage V. myrtillus, H. perforatum have been identified. Such species as P. bifolia, E. helleborine, N. nidus-avis, C. ruthenicus, L. clavatum, G. sylvaticum, G. dryoteris, D. filix-mas, F. vesca, P. alba, P. obscura, A. ursinum (in the protected natural tract “Radomska dacha” only), L. martagon, and C. persicifolia are but rare. Over the period of 2014-2016 to preserve the species a thorough examination of P. veris individuals growing ex situ was conducted. Results demonstrate that the introduction of P. veris ex situ under conditions of growing in sod-podzolic soils is possible. The best results were achieved under conditions of partial shading boosting biological productivity. On the experimental plot with shading up to ¼ of the daylight length the plants productivity (measured by the growing number of rosettes) is 1.25 times higher than of the natural environment.

Keywords: Primula veris, Eastern Polissia, population, distribution, ex situ

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