В. А. Володимирец, С. В. Гуцман, Л. В. Ойцюсь

Национальный университет водного хозяйства и природопользования, Ровенский государственный гуманитарный университет

РАРИТЕТНЫЕ ВИДЫ РАСТЕНИЙ В СОСТАВЕ ФЛОРЫ ГОРОДОВ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЧАСТИ ВОЛЫНСКОГО ПОЛЕСЬЯ

Приведена информация о распространении, условиях произрастания и состоянии популяций раритетных видов растений в составе флоры городов восточной части Волынского Полесья: Березно, Дубровица, Костополь, Вараш, Сарны. На территории этих городов отмечено произростание 54 видов из 22 семейств и 44 родов, среди которых 7 видов внесены в "Красную книгу Украины" (2009 г.) и 47 видов подлежат региональной охране в Ровенской области. Подавляющее большинство таких видов имеет ограниченное распространение, в основном они встречаются в окрестностях городов в условиях, подобных естественным. Больше раритетных видов сохранилось в составе луговых и болотных сообществ.

Ключевые слова: Волынское Полесье, города, флора, раритетные виды, состояние популяций, охрана

V. Volodymyrets, S. Hutsman, L. Oytsius

National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use, Ukraine, KRivne State Humanitarian University, Ukraine

RARE PLANT SPECIES AS A PART OF URBAN FLORA IN THE EASTERN PART OF VOLYN POLISSIA

Urban flora contains rare species as well as those that have a limited spread. They are mostly remnants of the flora of former times. The present research focuses on the analysis of the species listed in “Red Book of Ukraine” and the ones under the legal protection of local authorities. The analysis of the above mentioned species was carried out solely within the administrative boundaries of Rivne region. Here is some information on distribution, growth conditions and state of populations of rare plant species of urban flora in the eastern part of Volyn Polissia: Berezne, Dubrovytsia, Kostopil, Varash and Sarny. These towns are small in size and are mainly industrial and agricultural in nature. In the territory of these towns there are 54 species from 22 families and 44 genera, 7 of them (Silene lithuanica, Astragalus arenarius, Neottia nidus-avis, Epipactis helleborine, Platanthera bifolia, Dactylorhiza majalis, D. incarnata) are listed in the “Red Book of Ukraine” (2009) and 47 others are under regional protection of Rivne region. The towns under analysis represent almost 13 % of the whole rare flora in Volyn Polissia. Most of the rare species belong to Magnoliophyta (Magnoliopsida class – 35 species, Liliopsida class – 17 species). Two species belong to vascular spore plants. The most numerous families are Cyperaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Asteraceae, Poaceae and Orchidaceae. Within the region there is one specimen of rare species, 24 rare species, 12 species of limited spread and 17 potentially vulnerable species. Special attention should be paid to the protection of Teucrium scordium, Viola ruppii, Pyrola media. Dryopteris cristata, Bolboschoenus maritimus (Varash), Aristolochia clematitis, Silene tatarica (Sarny), Holosteum umbellatum, Rosa villosa (Berezne) and Centaurea phrygia (Kostopil) have individual localities in the given towns. The vast majority of these species is limited in number. Mostly, these species are found in the suburbs growing under conditions similar to their natural habitats. The greatest number of rare species covers the territory of Varash (33 species) and Kostopil (22 species). Most species are not numerous. Almost 80 % of regional protection has a limited spread here and 1-4 habitats. Most rare species are preserved in meadows and boggy places. Decreased number of population or disappearance of flora species is caused, first of all, by ecotypes transformation fostered by urbanization. Swamps disappeared because of draining, forest plantations were cut down, grasslands turned in pastures and hayfields. Such species as Rubus chamaemorus, Moneses uniflora, Melica ciliata, Drosera rotundifolia, Scorzonera humilis (Dubrovytsya), Silene lithuanica (Kostopil) disappeared altogether. There is a growing need to protect these areas in order to preserve a rare phytocomponent. It is advisable to create new sites for the protection of rare flora species around the towns of Varash and Kostopil.

Keywords: Volyn Polissia, cities, flora, rare species, state of populations, protection